Search Results (761)

The legal and social perception of sexually motivated crimes has undergone profound transformations in the Czech lands from the Middle Ages to the present. Acts once considered grave moral transgressions, punishable by death, have been gradually decriminalised or even integrated into the realm of personal identity and cultural self-expression. This article examines the evolving legal frameworks and societal attitudes towards such offences, with a particular focus on their implications for family structures, inheritance rights, and genealogical continuity. By analysing historical judicial records—primarily early modern pitch books—alongside contemporary legislation, we highlight the shifting boundaries between crime, morality, and individual rights. Methodologically, this study combines a historical–legal analysis with comparative criminology to elucidate the changing regulatory mechanisms governing sexual behaviour. The findings illustrate that, while legal norms have progressively moved away from religious morality toward individual freedoms, some taboos persist, reflecting enduring social anxieties. The Czech case serves as a model for broader European trends, offering valuable insights into the interplay between law, social norms, and genealogical structures across different historical periods. Full article

This ethnographic study explores the Durham Bubble Tea Society as a site of cultural identity and transnational belonging among university students. Through qualitative data collection, including interviews and questionnaires, this research investigates why students feel the need to establish a society centered around bubble tea, a drink with deep cultural resonance in East Asia but also a globalized product. The study identifies three overarching themes: maintaining original lifestyles amid transnational mobility, cosmopolitan aspirations and the symbolism of bubble tea, and the hybrid space of the Bubble Tea Society. These themes highlight how the society functions as a third space, bridging cultural divides and fostering transcultural connections. The findings contribute to broader theoretical discussions on transnational identity, cosmopolitan belonging, and the role of cultural artifacts in shaping globalized identities. This study underscores the importance of third spaces in fostering inclusivity and understanding, emphasizing the need for critical engagement with cultural symbols to ensure authentic cosmopolitan belonging. Full article

This article examines Gustave Le Bon’s thinking, focusing in particular on the aspects most closely connected to the search for the “laws” of the rise and fall of civilizations. Indeed, throughout his intellectual career, Le Bon cultivated the ambition of providing a credible answer to the problem of French decadence. In other words, he tried to become a kind of “Machiavelli of the age of crowds”. This article argues that this political objective affected Le Bon’s theory and his psychology of crowds. Since he wanted to make his political recipes appear credible to the elites of the Third Republic, he had to modify his theoretical architecture on nonsecondary points. He managed to hide the inconsistencies under the veil of effective rhetoric but, in retrospect, one can easily recognize that, in his theory, he uses three different ideas of the unconscious to explain the behavior of crowds, peoples, and “races”. Full article

This study analyses the ethnic cleansing of the Amhara people, which began during the late TPLF-led EPRDF regime and has continued under Abiy Ahmed’s administration. Despite the severity of these attacks, the Amhara’s plight has been largely ignored. Utilizing primary data from a survey of 183 Ethiopians and secondary data from various sources, the research takes a mixed-methods approach to explore factors contributing to these ethnic-based identity attacks. Findings indicate rising concerns about security, historical grievances, and regional inequalities, highlighting the urgent need for dialogue and inclusive policies to restore national unity and social cohesion. The findings also signify a decline in national unity, with ethnic identity becoming increasingly pronounced amid growing distrust of the central government. Full article

This article investigates the colonial disruption of Māori parenting practices and its enduring effects on Indigenous identity and belonging. It explores how colonisation imposed Western parenting models, disrupting communal caregiving, and severing connections to whakapapa (ancestry) and whenua (land). Grounded in Kaupapa Māori methodologies, this research highlights pre-colonial parenting, attachment, and child development practices, demonstrating their alignment with contemporary child development theories and their potential to address intergenerational trauma. Drawing on oral literature, archival records, and studies, this paper proposes a framework for restoring ancestral parenting principles. It emphasises the importance of these practices in rebuilding cultural confidence, enhancing child wellbeing, and strengthening whānau relationships. By integrating ancestral principles into trauma-informed care, attachment-based parenting models, and culturally affirming teaching, the article envisions pathways for healing and resilience in Māori communities, contributing to broader Indigenous resurgence. Full article

The term “ethnoerotism” is advanced for expressing the attraction and union between two ethnic groups placed under the gender symbols—male and female—that contribute, with their specific energies, to the genesis of a new people or nation. By using some concepts as “myth” and “ethnosymbolism”, this outlook regarding the origin of nations is exemplified by Natividad Gutiérrez (with the descent of nations in Latin America), Vasile Pârvan (with a poem in prose about the genesis of the Romanian people), and Titus Livius and Plutarch (with the abduction of Sabine women after the founding of ancient Rome). These cases are presented in the framework of a vision about the “diachronic dimension of national identity” (Geană 2016). It also should be mentioned that (at least in the Romanian case) such a vision regarding ethnic genesis and continuity in time is passed on from generation to generation by a vivid folk tradition, as well as, in modern times, by the official system of education. Full article

This article focuses on the genealogy of the Mackintosh archive, showing how subjects are interpellated through archival networks that span imperial and metropolitan sites, linking people, ideas, knowledge and material resources. By tracing the Mackintosh archive across generations of family members embedded in British imperial society, it shows how archives call forth an individual—Sir James Mackintosh—as a symbol and a site of the interconnections between the patriarchal family, the male-dominated state and the production of cultural imaginaries of belonging. Tracing this archive, it argues that the ‘society’ to which James Mackintosh belonged is both reflected in, and constituted through, the letters and journals that comprise his archive. In form and content, they provide the material evidence for the interconnectedness of social, familial, intellectual and political lives. They function both as fantasies and representations of belonging to a social network—a community—and a constitutive part of the consolidation of that network. The letters and diaries that comprise the Mackintosh Archive bear witness to the formation of a literary elite at the turn of the nineteenth century and the mobility of that elite around European-imperial space. Thus, the Mackintosh Archive illustrates the point, made by an increasing number of imperial and global historians, that ideas and identities were forged through inter-connections across space. Full article

As numbers of displaced people throughout the world steadily increase with the rise in global conflicts, many Western nations, including Australia, increasingly thwart asylum-seeking and place harsh restrictions on entry. Nonetheless, Afghanistan’s troubled political history over several decades has generated steady movement of refugees to Australia, and Australia has offered protection, although often conditional and limited. Little is known about the experiences of women who fled, giving up their homes, professions, education, extended family, and social lives that were rich in connection. Despite expanding research and literature, there are still gaps in what is known about what happens to refugee women who resettle in Australia. The research outlined in this article uncovers the stories of six Afghan women, highlighting their agency to counter stereotypes. The article focuses not only on losses experienced, but ways in which this group of Hazara women negotiated their way in their new home of Australia, with the support of STARTTS, a not-for-profit organisation. Some of the initial barriers to resettlement in Australia involved accessible and timely information, limited proficiency in English, and comprehending laws and norms. The ongoing effects of trauma along with these barriers often accelerated the ageing process for these women, limiting their ability as well as opportunity for employment. These barriers were exacerbated in the context of the yearnings for their homeland and loved ones who were still in Afghanistan. Women were torn between feelings of gratitude for their own security and of guilt and pain for those in Afghanistan. Through STARTTS-facilitated groups, women found opportunities to connect with one another. They also used these connections to gather information about support programs, for themselves or their families, crucial for them to reconstruct their lives in Australia. For refugees experiencing dislocation, the formation of social networks in the host country contributes to belonging and connectedness and facilitates rebuilding trusting relationships that have been intentionally destroyed, where they can share their experiences in a safe, trauma-informed environment. Full article

One of the most refined tools that have been devised for the analysis of marriage behavior of a population is the nuptiality tables. There are two main categories of such tables: gross and net. The latter (net tables) are primarily used for the study of reproduction in natural fertility populations, while the former (gross tables) are more suitable for comparing nuptiality among several populations, as differences in net tables may be due to differences either in mortality or in nuptiality or to an unknown mixture of both. In what follows, gross, abridged, period nuptiality tables have been constructed for the single population of Greece for four time points: 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. A significant decline in nuptiality was observed during the thirty-year period, with the age pattern of marriage being different by sex. While spinsters nowadays (2021) are more likely to marry at old ages (especially at ages above 40) than ever in the past, this is not the case for bachelors anymore. For a bachelor in Greece, the probabilities of marrying are lower in every age group than ever in the last 30 years. Full article

In this duoethnography, we examine our own experiences of multiracial fatherhood to disrupt metanarratives about race, multiraciality, and privilege. By synthesizing critical multiracial theory and critical race parenting, we advance three propositions of critical multiracial parenting to attend to the permanence of (mono)racism, the shifting salience of multiraciality across time and space, and the possibilities of expansive pedagogical approaches to challenge racial rigidity. We weave together and disrupt each other’s narratives by presenting two scenes of multiracial fatherhood, complicating our understanding and assumptions of White privilege, multiracial identity, and generational proximity to an interracial union. Our hope is that our duoethnography is not a beginning nor an end; rather, we call on readers to continually add their voices to disrupt and complicate how whiteness works in family systems and multiraciality discourses. Full article

This article ‘Ngā Kare-ā-roto: The Ripples Within’ provides an overview of findings related to Māori views, understanding and expressions of emotions through a Māori cultural lens. One of the key findings from the research project ‘Ngā Kare-ā-roto’ highlighted that emotions are expressed through a range of cultural practices that have served to bring collective understandings to support emotional wellbeing for Māori. At the centre of this research is the revitalisation of ancestral knowledge and practices to support emotional expression. The social and cultural significance of this project is highlighted by Indigenous researchers who have noted the direct relationship of emotions such as grief and trauma to wellbeing. This article provides an outline of kaikōrero (speakers/participants) views on the place of whakataukī (proverbial sayings) in the expression of emotions and emotional states of being. We begin with an overview of the significance of this work to supporting wellbeing and healing. We then move to providing a range of examples that were shared throughout the project that give insights into the ways in which emotions for Māori are framed within our ancestral and cultural understandings, in particular in regards to collective expressions of tikanga (cultural practices) and whakataukī that have been handed down through te reo Māori (Māori language) as sources of knowledge, guidance and learning. Full article

This article examines how belonging and aspirations among women with a migrant background are shaped by experiences of discrimination in the Norwegian labour market. While extensive research exists on policy implementation and public measures aimed at integrating migrants into the labour market, less focus has been placed on understanding how migrants’ work aspirations and desires are shaped. This article builds on ethnographic fieldwork conducted among migrant women in a Norwegian city. Drawing on research suggesting that migrants’ agency is influenced by actual or perceived opportunity structures, I explore how discrimination, as a distinct structural barrier, (re)shape aspirations and belonging among women with migrant backgrounds. In this article, I explore identity and belonging as dynamic and context-dependent, rather than fixed categories like gender, ethnicity, or class. The findings show that discrimination is a salient part of women’s experiences in the labour market and further illustrate how discrimination affects their sense of belonging, and their aspirations connected to work-life. Some women seek belonging in arenas other than the labour market in society, where they experience that their resources are valued. Full article

This paper analyses temporary migration programs (TMPs) as a manifestation of the “State thought” ideology, drawing on Abdelmalek Sayad’s sociological framework. Sayad considers the State central to the migration system, shaping perceptions and practices around migration through its ideological and structural dominance. The paper first explores how the State constructs hegemonic ideologies around migration, emphasising the dichotomy between nationals and non-nationals. TMPs epitomise these ideologies by promoting utilitarian migration systems that maximise economic benefits while minimising social integration. TMPs, such as agricultural guest worker schemes, enforce strict temporality, denying migrants permanence and full participation in host societies. Migrants are treated as disposable labour, restricted by non-transferable permits, and confined to precarious living conditions. The paper highlights the tension between the economic reliance on migrant labour and the State’s exclusionary policies, revealing TMPs as tools for controlling and exploiting migrants while maintaining national homogeneity. Ultimately, TMPs embody the pinnacle of “State thought”, balancing economic utility and sovereignty by perpetuating provisionality, exclusion, and systemic exploitation. The paper concludes by acknowledging migrants’ agency as they navigate and resist the structural constraints of TMPs to pursue personal and collective goals, challenging these programmes’ colonial and utilitarian underpinnings. Full article

The area along the Missouri River west of St. Louis, Missouri was a major locus of immigration from Germany between 1850 and 1860, in part due to a publication by Gottfried Duden that received wide attention in Germany. While a fair amount has been written about the lives of immigrants in Missouri, most has focused on the experiences of men. The lives of women are largely restricted to recordings of marriage, births and death. Lacking is context on what occurred between these life events. Using a variety of public and private sources, we describe the lives of five sisters from the first generation of women born in Franklin County, Missouri, bordered on its northern edge by the Missouri River. The process sheds light on the lives of immigrant women from Germany in Franklin County. Our sources allow us to shed light on the sisters’ day-to-day life experiences over time, thus better capturing the challenges that they faced and the grace and strength that they displayed in facing them. Although their childhoods were homogeneous, their adult paths diverged from one another markedly. We conclude with a discussion of the factors that might have been responsible for their divergence of experience. Full article

Our children are our future. As noted in the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), “There is no resource that is more vital to the continued existence and integrity of Indian tribes than their children”. Native Americans have always fought for and prioritized child wellbeing and will continue to strive for self-determination. Primarily focusing on Indigenous people in the area now known as the United States, this article first discusses the historical underpinnings of Native American experiences in child welfare systems and the ways Native Americans have historically exercised self-determination in child protection matters, including resistance to boarding schools and child removal, and strategies to retain authority with ICWA. Next, it offers examples of exerting self-determination to repair past harms of child welfare systems and relational severance, and prevent future harms, through efforts involving truth and reconciliation, homecoming ceremonies, child-environment reconnection and protection, legal systems, and social work education initiatives. Centering content in ways that are relevant for Indigenous Peoples, it then explores how child welfare systems can be transformed to ensure Native Peoples’ rights to raise our children within our families, cultures, and communities, with emphases on cultural strengths and relational understandings. Full article